English for Particular Functions (ESP) and Wants Evaluation (NA) have been studied to a fantastic extent, since a few many years in the past. The evaluate of the associated research additionally exhibits that wants evaluation has been of a lot concern to the researchers within the ESP subject. Nonetheless, ESP for the scholars of marine engineering has not been investigated by way of the task-based language wants. The researchers used a quantitative survey. To gather the info, a researcher developed questionnaire consisting of two parts (educational & real-life) was employed.
The info have been analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (unbiased samples-t-tests). Each ME college students and topic specialists believed that the educational and real-life task-based language wants are essential to ME college students. Outcomes additionally confirmed that the variations between imply scores of the scholars and topic specialists have been statistically vital. It may be concluded that maritime engineering college students, to perform their research, want mastery in each receptive and productive language expertise. Findings are each theoretically and pedagogically essential to ESP educators, directors of the schools as properly the policymakers and directors of marine engineering.
Many international locations all over the world have developed cell phone apps able to supporting instantaneous contact tracing to manage the Covid-19 pandemic. In France, a number of folks have downloaded and are utilizing the StopCovid contact tracing app. Amongst them, college students within the well being area are particularly involved. Exploring their utilization and opinions concerning the app can inform enhancements and diffusion of StopCovid amongst younger folks. A subject survey was performed amongst 318 college students on the well being sciences campus of the College of Bordeaux, France, between September 25th and October 16th, 2020. Quota sampling methodology was used and descriptive statistics and univariate analyses have been carried out.
Research protocol: well being survey of Sao Paulo: ISA-Bodily Exercise and Surroundings
Many research have investigated the affiliation between the constructed surroundings and bodily exercise conduct in city settings. Nonetheless, a lot of the research performed in low- and middle-income international locations have been cross-sectional, that are restricted to determine behavioral determinants. We suggest a potential cohort research to confirm the connection between constructed surroundings options and leisure-time and transport-associated bodily exercise in adults from Sao Paulo metropolis, Brazil.
Potential multilevel cohort, denominated “ISA-Bodily Exercise and Surroundings”. It would construct on the Well being Survey of Sao Paulo in 2015 (“Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA)” in Portuguese). The Well being Survey of Sao Paulo, initially designed as a cross-sectional survey, had a multi-stage pattern, overlaying 150 census tracts distributed in 5 well being administrative areas. Knowledge assortment was carried out by face-to-face interviews till December 2015 and the pattern comprised 4043 people aged 12 years or extra. The ISA-Bodily Exercise and Surroundings research will reassess people who find themselves aged 18 years or extra in 2020, together with phone and family interviews.
The first end result shall be leisure-time and transport-associated bodily exercise, assessed by the Worldwide Bodily Exercise Questionnaire lengthy model. Publicity variables shall be constructed surroundings options within the areas contributors stay and work within the follow-up. Knowledge evaluation will embrace multivariate multilevel linear and logistic fashions. We will even conduct cost-effectiveness evaluation and develop agent-based fashions to assist inform decision-makers. The research shall be performed by an interdisciplinary analysis group specialised in bodily exercise epidemiology, dietary epidemiology, georeferencing utilized to well being, statistics, agent-based modeling, public well being coverage, and well being economics.
There are few longitudinal research on the connection between the constructed surroundings and bodily exercise conduct in low- and middle-income international locations. We consider that the ISA-Bodily Exercise and Surroundings research will contribute with essential outcomes for the progress of the data on this subject and for the implementation of insurance policies that promote leisure-time bodily exercise and lively journey in Sao Paulo and comparable cities internationally.
Coastal drowning: A scoping evaluate of burden, threat elements, and prevention methods
Coastal drowning is a worldwide public well being downside which requires proof to assist security initiatives. The rising multidisciplinary physique of coastal drowning analysis and related prevention countermeasures is numerous and has not been characterised as a complete. The target of this scoping evaluate was to determine key ideas, findings, proof and analysis gaps within the coastal drowning literature to information future analysis and inform prevention actions.
We performed a scoping evaluate to determine peer reviewed research printed earlier than Might 2020 reporting both (i) deadly unintentional coastal drowning statistics from non-boating, -disaster or -occupational aetiologies; (ii) threat elements for unintentional deadly coastal drowning; or (iii) coastal drowning prevention methods. Systematic searches have been performed in six databases, two authors independently screened research for inclusion and one creator extracted information utilizing a standardised information charting kind developed by the research group.
Of the 146 included research, the bulk (76.7%) have been from excessive revenue international locations, 87 (59.6%) reported coastal drowning deaths, 61 (41.8%) reported threat elements, and 88 (60.3%) reported prevention methods. Populations, information sources and coastal water website terminology within the research assorted extensively; as did reported threat elements, which most ceaselessly associated to demographics resembling gender and age. Prevention methods have been generally based mostly on survey information or professional opinion and primarily targeted on schooling, lifeguards and signage. Few research (n = 10) evaluated coastal drowning prevention methods.
Coastal drowning is an expansive, multidisciplinary subject that calls for cross-sector collaborative analysis. Gaps to be addressed in coastal security analysis embrace the shortage of analysis from decrease resourced settings, unclear and inconsistent terminology and reporting, and the shortage of analysis for prevention methods. Advancing coastal drowning science will lead to a stronger proof base from which to design and implement efficient countermeasures that in the end save lives and hold folks protected.
